Revisión psicométrica de la Escala de autorregulación de hábitos alimentarios en adultos mexicanos: ¿Es factible una versión breve? / Psychometric review of the Self-regulation scale of eating habits in Mexican adults: Is a short version feasible?

Introducción: De acuerdo con cifras oficiales, 75.0% de las mujeres y 69.6% de los hombres mexicanos presentan obesidad o sobrepeso, estas condiciones pueden desencadenar enfermedades crónicas. En ese sentido, los hábitos son factores determinantes para dicha prevalencia, y entre los que influyen de forma significativa sobre la salud están los hábitos alimentarios. Entonces, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autorregulación de Hábitos Alimentarios, y derivar una versión breve. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio instrumental en el que participaron 442 adultos mexicanos (60% mujeres; Medad = 32.486 años). Además de la Escala de Autorregulación de Hábitos Alimentarios, se incluyó una ficha de datos sociodemográficos. Las evidencias de validez se analizaron desde un enfoque analítico-factorial mediante un modelamiento exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales (ESEM, por sus siglas en inglés); mientras que la fiabilidad se estimó a nivel de puntuaciones (coeficiente alfa) y de constructo (coeficiente omega). Resultados: La escala responde a una estructura esencialmente unidimensional, de la cual se derivó una versión breve de 8 ítems que evidenció adecuados índices de ajuste, cargas factoriales elevadas, excelente fiabilidad, y es invariante entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: La Escala de Autorregulación de Hábitos Alimentarios presenta una estructura unidimensional sólida, su adecuada fiabilidad permite su uso a nivel de investigación básica y aplicada, y evalúa de forma equivalente la autorregulación en hombres y mujeres (AU)

Introduction: According to official records, 75.0% of Mexican women and 69.6% of Mexican men are obese or overweight, conditions that can develop chronic diseases. In that sense, habits are determinate factors for this prevalence, among those that significantly influence health are eating habits. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Self-Regulation Scale of Eating Habits to obtain a brief version. Materials and methods: An instrumental study was carried out with 442 Mexican adults (60% women; Mage= 32.486 years). In addition to the Self-Regulation of Eating Habits Scale, a sociodemographic data sheet was included. The evidence of validity was analyzed with an analytical-factorial approach by an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM); as well reliability was estimated at the level of scores (alpha coefficient) and construct (omega coefficient). Results: The scale responds to an essentially one-dimensional structure, a short version of 8 items was obtained, which showed an adequate adjustment index, high factor loads, excellent reliability, and being invariant between men and women. Conclusions: The Self-Regulation of Eating Habits Scale presents a solid one-dimensional structure; its adequate reliability allows it’s to use at the level of basic and applied research. Also evaluates self-regulation in men and women in an equivalent way (AU)

Comparison of nutrition care services for adult obesity at primary care in two different periods in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Dietitians are healthcare professionals with potential roles and impacts in primary care (PC) settings when applying knowledge and expertise to educate healthcare clients at all levels and treat chronic diseases. This study seeks to compare and evaluate the nutrition care services and practices in obesity management in primary care centres for two periods (2016 and 2019) in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Surveys with service self-reporting evaluation used responses from 18 and 27 centres in 2016 and 2019. Services evaluation used no reference to a standard, but 18 of the surveyed PC centres in 2019 were previously visited in 2016 to assess the provided nutrition care services for adult obesity in PC centres. The re-visit survey investigated improvements in services achieved in 2019 concerning services for adults with obesity. A chi-square test was used to compare the surveys' results in the two periods, which resulted in a significant difference in the provided nutrition care services for adult obesity between 2016 and 2019. RESULTS: Dietitians' employment has significantly changed (P < .0001) in 2019 compared to 2016. Dietitians were significantly noticed as the primary source of nutrition information after their integration into the services (P < .0001) in 2019. Services provided for adult obesity increased significantly (P value < .0001) in the second phase. However, there was no significant difference in serving adult groups between the two periods (P = .056). CONCLUSIONS: Integrating dietitians into the PC services significantly enhanced their role in supporting PC services for conditions relating to adult obesity, which allowed them to be the most important source of the delivered nutrition information to patients. The employment rate of PC dietitians accredited by the governing body is significantly increasing; the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties will need to monitor it to ensure that dietitians have the qualifications and skills to provide professional medical nutrition therapy to patients. Further research to evaluate the quality of PC dietetic practice and improvements in patient outcomes is required to strengthen the importance of integrating registered dietitians into the services.

Dietary weight loss-induced improvements in metabolic function are enhanced by exercise in people with obesity and prediabetes.

The additional therapeutic effects of regular exercise during a dietary weight loss program in people with obesity and prediabetes are unclear. Here, we show that whole-body (primarily muscle) insulin sensitivity (primary outcome) was 2-fold greater (P = 0.006) after 10% weight loss induced by calorie restriction plus exercise training (Diet+EX; n = 8, 6 women) than 10% weight loss induced by calorie restriction alone (Diet-ONLY; n = 8, 4 women) in participants in two concurrent studies. The greater improvement in insulin sensitivity was accompanied by increased muscle expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism and angiogenesis (secondary outcomes) in the Diet+EX group. There were no differences between groups in plasma branched-chain amino acids or markers of inflammation, and both interventions caused similar changes in the gut microbiome. Few adverse events were reported. These results demonstrate that regular exercise during a diet-induced weight loss program has profound additional metabolic benefits in people with obesity and prediabetes.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02706262 and NCT02706288).

Dietary Intervention on Overweight and Obesity after Confinement by COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a public health problem in our society and is associated with many diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, respiratory diseases, and cancer. Several studies relate weight loss in obese patients to improved anthropometric measurements and cardiometabolic risk. The objective of our study was to evaluate anthropometric changes, analytical parameters, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and metabolic scales, after a personalized weight loss program, through dietary advice to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a motivational booster via mobile SMS messaging. METHODS: Intervention study on a sample of 1964 workers, in which different anthropometric parameters were evaluated before and after dietary intervention: the metabolic score of insulin resistance; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using different scales; metabolic syndrome; atherogenic dyslipidemia; and the cardiometabolic index. A descriptive analysis of the categorical variables was performed, by calculating the frequency and distribution of the responses for each one. For quantitative variables, the mean and standard deviation were calculated, since they followed a normal distribution. Bivariate association analysis was performed by applying the chi-squared test (corrected by Fisher's exact statistic when conditions required it) and Student's t-test for independent samples (for comparison of means). RESULTS: The population subjected to the Mediterranean diet improved in all the variables evaluated at 12 months of follow-up and compliance with the diet. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary advice on a Mediterranean diet and its reinforcement with reminder messages through the use of mobile phones may be useful to improve the parameters evaluated in this study and reduce the cardiometabolic risk of patients.

Dietary intervention with 2 different fat profiles; role of the rs822393 variant in metabolic parameter changes / Intervención dietética con 2 perfiles diferentes de grasa; papel de la variante rs822393en la modificación de parámetros metabólicos

Introduction: rs822393 is related to dietary intervention responses. The aim of our study was to analyze the metabolic effects of 2 hypocaloric diets with a different fat profile during 3 months according to the genetic variant rs822393. Methods: a population of 361 obese patients were randomly allocated to one of two diets; Diet P (enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids) vs. Diet M (enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids). Adiposity and biochemical parameters were determined. rs822393 was assessed by real-time PCR, with a dominant model analysis (CC vs CT+TT). Results: genotype distribution was: 221 CC (61.2 %), 115 CT (31.9 %) and 25 TT (6.9 %). Basal and post-intervention HDL cholesterol, adiponectin levels and adiponectin/leptin ratio were lower in T-allele than non-T-allele carriers. After both diets, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, leptin, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol improved significantly in both genotype groups. After Diet P, HDL-cholesterol (delta: 5.6 ± 1.1 mg/dl vs. 2.7 ± 0.9 mg/dl; p = 0.01), serum adiponectin (20.1 ± 2.9 ng/dl vs. 6.8 ± 3.0 ng/dl; p = 0.02) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (0.57 ± 0.1 units vs. 0.20 ± 0.08 units; p = 0.03) improved in non-T allele carriers. The same improvements were observed after Diet M: HDL-cholesterol (delta: 5.5 ± 0.8 mg/dl vs. 3.1 ± 0.9 mg/dl; p = 0.03), serum adiponectin (19.5 ± 2.9 ng/dl vs. 4.5 ± 2.8 ng/dl; p = 0.01), and adiponectin/leptin ratio (0.54 ± 0.1 units vs. 0.15 ± 0.08 units; p = 0.03). These parameters remained unchanged in T-allele carriers. (AU)

Introducción: el polimorfismo rs822393 está relacionado con las respuestas a las intervenciones dietéticas. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar los efectos metabólicos de 2 dietas hipocalóricas con diferente perfil graso durante 3 meses según la variante genética rs822393. Métodos: una muestra de 361 pacientes obesos se asignó aleatoriamente a una de dos dietas: dieta P (enriquecida en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados) y dieta M (enriquecida en ácidos grasos monoinsaturados). Se determinaron parámetros de adiposidad y bioquímicos; rs822393 se evaluó mediante PCR en tiempo real, con un análisis de modelo dominante (CC frente a CT+TT). Resultados: la distribución del genotipo fue: 221 CC (61,2 %), 115 CT (31,9 %) y 25 TT (6,9 %). El colesterol HDL basal y posterior a la intervención, los niveles de adiponectina y la relación adiponectina/leptina fueron más bajos en los portadores del alelo T que en los no portadores del alelo T. Tras la intervención con ambas dietas, el IMC, el peso, la masa grasa, la circunferencia de la cintura, la presión arterial sistólica, los niveles de insulina, el HOMA-IR, la leptina, el colesterol total y el colesterol LDL mejoraron significativamente en ambos grupos de genotipo. Después de la dieta P: HDL-colesterol (delta: 5,6 ± 1,1 mg/dl vs. 2,7 ± 0,9 mg/dl; p = 0,01), adiponectina sérica (20,1 ± 2,9 ng/dl vs. 6,8 ± 3,0 ng/dl; p = 0,02) y la relación adiponectina/leptina (0,57 ± 0,1 unidades frente a 0,20 ± 0,08 unidades; p = 0,03) mejoraron en los no portadores del alelo T. Se observaron los mismos resultados después de la dieta M: HDL-colesterol (delta: 5,5 ± 0,8 mg/dl frente a 3,1 ± 0,9 mg/dl; p = 0,03), adiponectina sérica (19,5 ± 2,9 ng/dl frente a 4,5 ± 2,8 ng /dl; p = 0,01) y relación adiponectina/leptina (0,54 ± 0,1 unidades vs. 0,15 ± 0,08 unidades; p = 0,03). Estos parámetros permanecieron sin cambios en los portadores del alelo T. (AU)

Effect of 8-Week Consumption of a Dietary Pattern Based on Fruit, Avocado, Whole Grains, and Trout on Postprandial Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Gene Expression in Obese People.

Overweight and obesity constitute a major global public health problem. Healthy dietary patterns induce changes at the molecular level. Currently, there are no studies evaluating the effect of a diet based on fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT diet) on the expression of obesity-related genes. This randomized controlled crossover study included 44 obese Colombians with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 who followed either a FAWGT diet or a usual diet (UD) characterized by a high intake of saturated fat and foods rich in processed carbohydrates. After 8 weeks of intervention, a postprandial expression study of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes was carried out with a real-time PCR. The intervention with a FAWGT diet decreased the expression of inflammatory (NFKB1, IL6, IL1ß) and oxidative stress (NFE2L2) genes compared with the intake of the UD. Finally, the postprandial expression of NFkB1 was positively correlated with triglyceride levels after a dietary intervention with the FAWGT diet and the IL1ß gene, and likewise with insulin levels after following the usual diet. The consumption of the FAWGT diet for 8 weeks reduced the inflammatory status; thus, it can be considered a valid alternative to other healthy diets, since it induces beneficial changes on the genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in obese people.

A mixture of four dietary fibres ameliorates adiposity and improves metabolic profile and intestinal health in cafeteria-fed obese rats: an integrative multi-omics approach.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a mixture of four dietary fibers on obese rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats were fed with either standard chow (STD) or cafeteria diet (CAF) and were orally supplemented with either fibre mixture (2 g kg-1 of body weight) (STD+F or CAF+F groups) or vehicle (STD+VH or CAF+VH groups). We studied a wide number of biometric, biochemical, transcriptomic, metagenomic and metabolomic variables and applied an integrative multivariate approach based on multiple factor analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. A significant reduction in body weight, adiposity, HbA1c and HDL-cholesterol serum levels, and colon MPO activity was observed, whereas cecal weight and small intestine length:weight ratio were significantly increased in F-treated groups compared to control animals. CAF+F rats displayed a significant enhancement in energy expenditure, fat oxidation and fresh stool weight, and a significant reduction in adiponectin and LPS serum levels, compared to control group. Animals in STD+F group showed reduced serum LDL-cholesterol levels and a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels in the liver compared to STF+VH group. The intervention effect was reflected at the metabolomic (i.e., production of short-chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, and amino acids), metagenomic (i.e., modulation of Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus genus) and transcriptomic (i.e., expression of tight junctions and proteolysis) levels. Altogether, our integrative multi-omics approach highlights the potential of supplementation with a mixture of fibers to ameliorate the impairments triggered by obesity in terms of adiposity, metabolic profile, and intestinal health.

Effects of balanced diet associated with sports on the health of obese university students / Análise dos efeitos da dieta balanceada associada aos esportes na saúde dos estudantes universitários obesos / Análisis de los efectos de la dieta equilibrada asociada al deporte en la salud de estudiantes universitarios obesos

ABSTRACT Introduction The student, when entering university, is subject to new cycles and major changes in his routine, which includes exercise and nutritious habits. Objective Explore the effect of a balanced diet and physical exercise on the health of university students. Methods Through literature studies, a questionnaire was developed where the physical condition, nutritional habits, dietary structure, and exercise practice of obese college students were investigated and analyzed. Results The BMI index of those investigated exceeded the standard limit of BMI > 25. The longer the time of physical exercise, the more evident the difference between male and female students in terms of physical endurance factor. The body weight, BMI, and body fat index of both groups showed a downward trend after the intervention. Six weeks of aerobic exercise combined with a proper diet can significantly improve body mass index, body mass index, and physiological and biochemical indices of obese college students. Conclusion Balanced diet and exercise positively affect the health of obese college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O estudante, ao ingressar na universidade, está sujeito a novos ciclos e grandes mudanças em sua rotina, que inclui os hábitos de exercício e alimentares. Objetivo Explorar o efeito de uma dieta balanceada e exercícios físicos na saúde de estudantes universitários. Métodos Através de estudos da literatura, elaborou-se um questionário onde foram investigadas e analisadas a condição física, os hábitos alimentares, a estrutura alimentar e a prática de exercícios nos universitários com obesidade. Resultados o índice de IMC dos investigados ultrapassou o limite padrão de IMC > 25. Quanto maior o tempo de exercício físico, mais evidente é a diferença entre estudantes do sexo masculino e feminino no fator da resistência física. O peso corporal, IMC e índice de gordura corporal dos dois grupos apresentaram tendência de queda após a intervenção. Seis semanas de exercícios aeróbicos combinados com dieta razoável podem melhorar significativamente o índice de massa corporal, índice de massa corporal e índices fisiológicos e bioquímicos de estudantes universitários obesos. Conclusão Dieta balanceada e exercício físico possuem um efeito positivo sobre a saúde dos estudantes universitários obesos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El estudiante, al entrar en la universidad, se ve sometido a nuevos ciclos y a grandes cambios en su rutina, que incluye el ejercicio y los hábitos alimenticios. Objetivo Explorar el efecto de una dieta equilibrada y el ejercicio físico en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios. Métodos A través de estudios bibliográficos, se elaboró un cuestionario en el que se investigó y analizó la condición física, los hábitos alimentarios, la estructura de la dieta y la práctica de ejercicio en estudiantes universitarios con obesidad. Resultados El índice de IMC de los investigados superaba el límite estándar de IMC > 25. Cuanto mayor es el tiempo de ejercicio físico, más evidente es la diferencia entre los alumnos y las alumnas en el factor de resistencia física. El peso corporal, el IMC y el índice de grasa corporal de ambos grupos mostraron una tendencia a disminuir después de la intervención. Seis semanas de ejercicios aeróbicos combinados con una dieta razonable pueden mejorar significativamente el índice de masa corporal, el índice de masa corporal y los índices fisiológicos y bioquímicos de los estudiantes universitarios obesos. Conclusión La dieta equilibrada y el ejercicio tienen un efecto positivo en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios obesos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Medical nutrition therapy in obesity management

Healthy eating is important for all Canadians, regardless of body size, weight or health condition. Key messages from Canada's Food Guide for Healthy Eating can be used as a foundation for nutrition and food-related education (Figure 1). Use evidence-based nutrition resources to give your patients nutrition and behaviour change advice that aligns with their values, preferences and social determinants of health. (Figure 1) There is no one-size-fits-all eating pattern for obesity management. Adults living with obesity may consider various nutrition intervention options that are client-centred and flexible. Evidence suggests this approach will better facilitate long-term adherence. (Table 1, Figure 2) Nutrition interventions for obesity management should focus on achieving health outcomes for chronic disease risk reduction and quality of life improvements, not just weight changes. 5 Table 2 outlines health-related outcomes to support patients/clients in obesity management. Nutrition interventions for obesity management should emphasize individualized eating patterns, food quality and a healthy relationship with food. Including mindfulness-based eating practices that may help lower food cravings, reduce reward-driven eating, improve body satisfaction and improve awareness of hunger and satiety. 6­11 Caloric restriction can achieve short-term reductions in weight (i.e.< 12 months) but has not shown to be sustainable long-term (i.e. > 12 months). Caloric restriction may affect neurobiological pathways that control appetite, hunger, cravings and body weight regulation that may result in increased food intake and weight gain.64-66 People living with obesity are at increased risk for micronutrient deficiencies including but not limited to vitamin D, vitamin B12 and iron deficiencies. Restrictive eating patterns and obesity treatments (e.g. medications, bariatric surgery) may also result in micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. Assessment including biochemical values can help inform recommendations for food intake, vitamin/mineral supplements, and possible drug-nutrient interactions. Collaborate care with a registered dietitian who has experience in obesity management and medical nutrition therapy. 12 Dietitians can support people living with obesity who also have other chronic diseases, malnutrition, food insecurity or disordered patterns of eating. Future research should use nutrition-related outcomes and health behaviours in addition to weight and body composition outcomes. Characterization of population sample collections should use the updated definition of obesity as a chronic, progressive and relapsing disease characterized by the presence of adiposity that impairs health and social well-being rather than BMI exclusively. Qualitative data is needed to understand the lived experience of people with obesity.

Guidelines for medical nutrition treatment of overweight/obesity in China (2021).

Obesity has become a global "epidemic". At this stage, overweight / obesity has become a major public health problem that seriously affects not only adults but also children and adolescents worldwide. Medical nutritional therapy is the basic treatment for obesity and an indispensable measure for prevention and control at any stage in the course of obesity. Management of comorbidities and improving the quality of life of obese patients are also included in treatment aims. In recent years, there have been some guidelines on the nutrition management of overweight/obesity. However, the management of nutrition and lifestyle interventions must be compatible with specific regional dietary habits and social culture. To provide a clinical reference for the standardized treatment and management of overweight / obesity, guidelines for medical nutrition treatment of overweight/obesity in China (2021) were published, which cover the relationship of weight loss with different dietary patterns, meal replacement foods, biorhythms, intestinal microecology, metabolic surgery, and medical nutritional intervention, as well as weight loss in special populations. We hope the guidelines will improve the awareness of the importance of nutrition intervention in the treatment of metabolic disease, further regulate the principle and approach of medical nutrition therapy, and establish a workflow of standardized medical nutrition therapy for weight loss management so that more clinical nutrition professionals and medical staff can use it to provide better services for obese people.

The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function in overweight or obese individuals on weight-loss diet / El efecto de la suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 sobre la pérdida de peso y las funciones cognitivas en personas con sobrepeso u obesidad en dieta para adelgazar

Objective: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important nutrients that play role in obesity, body lipids, inflammation, and neural function. There is controversy in studies on the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function in obese or overweight adults on a weight loss diet.Methods:40 adult volunteers aged 30-60 years, with body mass index (BMI) between 27.0 and 35.0 kg/m2, were randomly allocated into two groups. All subjects were involved in a weight loss diet program. The subjects in the omega-3 group (n = 20) also received daily supplementation with 1020 mg of omega-3 PUFAs (580 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 390 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 50 mg other omega-3 PUFAs) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis were obtained at onset and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used for evaluating cognitive functions at diet onset and at the end of week 12.Results:significant decreases were observed in weight, waist, and BMI in both groups. Abdominal fat mass and percentage decreased more in the omega-3 group than in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). MoCA scores increased in both groups within time, without statistical significance between groups.Conclusion:omega-3 PUFA supplementation augmented the reduction of abdominal fat mass and percentage in overweight or obese individuals on a weight loss diet. Further studies are required to identify the relationship and mechanisms of action of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on cognitive performance and weight loss. (AU)

Objetivo: los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) omega-3 son nutrientes importantes que intervienen en la obesidad, los lípidos corporales, la inflamación y las funciones neuronales. Existe controversia en los estudios sobre el efecto de la suplementación con AGPI omega-3 sobre la pérdida de peso y las funciones cognitivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de la suplementación con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 sobre la pérdida de peso y la función cognitiva en adultos obesos o con sobrepeso que siguen una dieta para adelgazar.Métodos:40 voluntarios adultos de entre 30 y 60 años, con índice de masa corporal (IMC) entre 27,0 y 35,0 kg/m2, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Todos los sujetos participaron en un programa de dieta para adelgazar. Los sujetos del grupo con omega-3 (n = 20) también recibieron suplementos diarios de 1020 mg de AGPI omega-3 (580 mg de ácido eicosapentaenoico (AEP), 390 mg de ácido docosahexaenoico (ADH), 50 mg de otros AGPI omega-3) durante 12 semanas. Las mediciones antropométricas y el análisis de la composición corporal se obtuvieron al inicio y a las 4, 8 y 12 semanas del estudio. La prueba de la “Evaluación Cognitiva de Montreal” (MoCA) se utilizó para evaluar las funciones cognitivas al inicio de la dieta y al final de la semana 12.Resultados:se observaron disminuciones significativas en el tiempo en el peso, la cintura y el IMC en ambos grupos. La masa y el porcentaje de grasa abdominal disminuyeron más en el grupo con omega-3 que en el de control (p ≤ 0,05). Las puntuaciones MoCA aumentaron en ambos grupos en el tiempo, sin significación estadística entre los grupos.Conclusión:la suplementación con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 aumentó la reducción de la masa y el porcentaje de grasa abdominal en personas con sobrepeso u obesidad que siguieron una dieta para adelgazar. Se necesitan más estudios para identificar la ... (AU)

Estigma de peso, dieta mediterránea y obesidad / Weight stigma, Mediterranean diet and obesity

Introducción: la obesidad es una enfermedad que afecta a un alto porcentaje de la población mundial. Pese a que su origen es multicausal y multifactorial, menos atención se ha puesto en las variables psicológicas y conductuales. Objetivo: determinar si las variables psicológicas (estigma de peso, estrés y sintomatología depresiva) y la variable conductual (índice de dieta mediterránea) predicen la obesidad según el índice de masa corporal (IMC), controlando el efecto de variables fisiológicas (colesterol HDL, triglicéridos, glucosa y presión arterial) y sociodemográficas (sexo, ingresos, nivel de estudios). Método: diseño no experimental, transversal, correlacional. Por medio de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se seleccionó a 344 personas de población general chilena de la región de la Araucanía (Medad = 55,7 años; DE = 5,1 años; 55,8 % de mujeres). Se obtuvo una muestra de sangre, medición antropométrica de peso y talla, y medidas de autorreporte de variables psicológicas y conductuales. Resultados: se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple jerárquica de 5 bloques. Las covariables sociodemográficas no predijeron significativamente el IMC; sin embargo, las fisiológicas, la variable conductual y el estigma de peso, se asociaron significativamente con el IMC, siendo el estigma de peso el predictor que explicó mayor varianza. Conclusiones: los hallazgos permiten comprobar el rol de las variables psicológicas y conductuales en la etiología multifactorial de la obesidad. Se discute los hallazgos a la luz del enfoque biopsicosocial, y se sugiere un abordaje multidisciplinario de la obesidad (AU)

Balckground: obesity is a disease that affects a high percentage of the world's population. Although its origin is multicausal and multifactorial, less attention has been paid to psychological and behavioral variables. Aim: to determine whether psychological variables (weight stigma, stress and depressive symptomatology) and behavioral variable (Mediterranean diet index) predict obesity according to body mass index (BMI), controlling for the effect of physiological variables (HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and blood pressure) and sociodemographic variables (sex, income, educational level). Method: non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design. By means of a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, 344 persons were selected from the general Chilean population from the Araucanía region (Mage = 55.7 years; SD = 5.1 years; 55.8 % women). A blood sample, anthropometric measurement of weight and height, and self-report measures of psychological and behavioral variables were obtained. Results: a 5-block hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. Sociodemographic covariates did not significantly predict BMI, however physiological covariates, the behavioral variable and weight stigma, were significantly associated with BMI, with weight stigma being the predictor that explained the most variance. Conclusions: the findings allow us to verify the role of psychological and behavioral variables in the multifactorial etiology of obesity. The findings are discussed in the light of the biopsychosocial approach, and a multidisciplinary approach to obesity is suggested (AU)

A 4-Week Diet Low or High in Advanced Glycation Endproducts Has Limited Impact on Gut Microbial Composition in Abdominally Obese Individuals: The deAGEing Trial.

Dietary advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), abundantly present in Westernized diets, are linked to negative health outcomes, but their impact on the gut microbiota has not yet been well investigated in humans. We investigated the effects of a 4-week isocaloric and macronutrient-matched diet low or high in AGEs on the gut microbial composition of 70 abdominally obese individuals in a double-blind parallel-design randomized controlled trial (NCT03866343). Additionally, we investigated the cross-sectional associations between the habitual intake of dietary dicarbonyls, reactive precursors to AGEs, and the gut microbial composition, as assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon-based sequencing. Despite a marked percentage difference in AGE intake, we observed no differences in microbial richness and the general community structure. Only the Anaerostipes spp. had a relative abundance >0.5% and showed differential abundance (0.5 versus 1.11%; p = 0.028, after low- or high-AGE diet, respectively). While the habitual intake of dicarbonyls was not associated with microbial richness or a general community structure, the intake of 3-deoxyglucosone was especially associated with an abundance of several genera. Thus, a 4-week diet low or high in AGEs has a limited impact on the gut microbial composition of abdominally obese humans, paralleling its previously observed limited biological consequences. The effects of dietary dicarbonyls on the gut microbiota composition deserve further investigation.